Video segmentation consists of a frame-by-frame selection process of meaningful areas related to foreground moving objects. Some applications include traffic monitoring, human tracking, action recognition, efficient video surveillance, and anomaly detection. In these applications, it is not rare to face challenges such as abrupt changes in weather conditions, illumination issues, shadows, subtle dynamic background motions, and also camouflage effects. In this work, we address such shortcomings by proposing a novel deep learning video segmentation approach that incorporates residual information into the foreground detection learning process. The main goal is to provide a method capable of generating an accurate foreground detection given a grayscale video. Experiments conducted on the Change Detection 2014 and on the private dataset PetrobrasROUTES from Petrobras support the effectiveness of the proposed approach concerning some state-of-the-art video segmentation techniques, with overall F-measures of $\mathbf{0.9535}$ and $\mathbf{0.9636}$ in the Change Detection 2014 and PetrobrasROUTES datasets, respectively. Such a result places the proposed technique amongst the top 3 state-of-the-art video segmentation methods, besides comprising approximately seven times less parameters than its top one counterpart.

Scene change detection is an image processing problem related to partitioning pixels of a digital image into foreground and background regions. Mostly, visual knowledge-based computer intelligent systems, like traffic monitoring, video surveillance, and anomaly detection, need to use change detection techniques. Amongst the most prominent detection methods, there are the learning-based ones, which besides sharing similar training and testing protocols, differ from each other in terms of their architecture design strategies. Such architecture design directly impacts on the quality of the detection results, and also in the device resources capacity, like memory. In this work, we propose a novel Multiscale Cascade Residual Convolutional Neural Network that integrates multiscale processing strategy through a Residual Processing Module, with a Segmentation Convolutional Neural Network. Experiments conducted on two different datasets support the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving average overall $\boldsymbol{F\text{-}measure}$ results of $\boldsymbol{0.9622}$ and $\boldsymbol{0.9664}$ over Change Detection 2014 and PetrobrasROUTES datasets respectively, besides comprising approximately eight times fewer parameters. Such obtained results place the proposed technique amongst the top four state-of-the-art scene change detection methods.

Research on remote sensing image classification significantly impacts essential human routine tasks such as urban planning and agriculture. Nowadays, the rapid advance in technology and the availability of many high-quality remote sensing images create a demand for reliable automation methods. The current paper proposes two novel deep learning-based architectures for image classification purposes, i.e., the Discriminant Deep Image Prior Network and the Discriminant Deep Image Prior Network+, which combine Deep Image Prior and Triplet Networks learning strategies. Experiments conducted over three well-known public remote sensing image datasets achieved state-of-the-art results, evidencing the effectiveness of using deep image priors for remote sensing image classification.

我们研究了分销RL的多步非政策学习方法。尽管基于价值的RL和分布RL之间的相似性明显相似，但我们的研究揭示了多步环境中两种情况之间的有趣和根本差异。我们确定了依赖路径依赖性分布TD误差的新颖概念，这对于原则上的多步分布RL是必不可少的。基于价值的情况的区别对诸如后视算法等概念的重要含义具有重要意义。我们的工作提供了多步非政策分布RL算法的第一个理论保证，包括适用于多步分配RL现有方法的结果。此外，我们得出了一种新颖的算法，即分位数回归 - 逆转录，该算法导致了深度RL QR QR-DQN-RETRACE，显示出对Atari-57基准上QR-DQN的经验改进。总的来说，我们阐明了多步分布RL中如何在理论和实践中解决多个独特的挑战。

磁共振成像（MRI）是用于低渗透神经肌肉疾病临床评估的非侵入性工具。自动诊断方法可能会减少对活检的需求，并提供有关疾病随访的宝贵信息。在本文中，提出了三种方法，以根据胶原蛋白VI相关的肌病病例对目标肌肉进行分类，这些方法是根据它们的参与程度（尤其是卷积神经网络），一个完全连接的网络来对纹理特征进行分类，并结合了两种特征套。对26名受试者的轴向T1加权涡轮自旋Echo MRI进行了评估，其中包括乌拉里奇先天性肌肉营养不良症和伯特莱姆肌病患者在不同的进化阶段。对于健康，轻度和中度/严重的病例，混合模型的全球精度分别为93.8％，其全球精度分别为0.99、0.82和0.95，获得了最佳的交叉验证结果。

通常，基于生物谱系的控制系统可能不依赖于各个预期行为或合作适当运行。相反，这种系统应该了解未经授权的访问尝试的恶意程序。文献中提供的一些作品建议通过步态识别方法来解决问题。这些方法旨在通过内在的可察觉功能来识别人类，尽管穿着衣服或配件。虽然该问题表示相对长时间的挑战，但是为处理问题的大多数技术存在与特征提取和低分类率相关的几个缺点，以及其他问题。然而，最近的深度学习方法是一种强大的一组工具，可以处理几乎任何图像和计算机视觉相关问题，为步态识别提供最重要的结果。因此，这项工作提供了通过步态认可的关于生物识别检测的最近作品的调查汇编，重点是深入学习方法，强调他们的益处，暴露出弱点。此外，它还呈现用于解决相关约束的数据集，方法和体系结构的分类和表征描述。

虽然我们注意临床自然语言处理（NLP）的最新进展，但我们可以注意到临床和翻译研究界的一些抵抗，因为透明度，可解释性和可用性有限，采用NLP模型。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种开放的自然语言处理开发框架。我们通过实施NLP算法为国家Covid队列协作（N3C）进行了评估。基于Covid-19相关临床笔记的信息提取的利益，我们的工作包括1）使用Covid-19标志和症状作为用例的开放数据注释过程，2）一个社区驱动的规则集合平台，3）合成文本数据生成工作流程，用于生成信息提取任务的文本而不涉及人为受试者。 Corpora来自来自三个不同机构的文本（Mayo Clinic，肯塔基州大学，明尼苏达大学）。用单个机构（Mayo）规则集进行了金标准注释。这导致了0.876,0.706和0.694的F-Scors分别用于Mayo，Minnesota和肯塔基测试数据集。作为N3C NLP子群体的联盟努力的研究表明，创建联邦NLP算法开发和基准测试平台的可行性，以增强多机构临床NLP研究和采用。虽然我们在这项工作中使用Covid-19作为用例，但我们的框架足以适用于临床NLP的其他兴趣领域。

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning setting where many clients (e.g. mobile devices or whole organizations) collaboratively train a model under the orchestration of a central server (e.g. service provider), while keeping the training data decentralized. FL embodies the principles of focused data collection and minimization, and can mitigate many of the systemic privacy risks and costs resulting from traditional, centralized machine learning and data science approaches. Motivated by the explosive growth in FL research, this paper discusses recent advances and presents an extensive collection of open problems and challenges.

机器学习研究取决于客观解释，可比和可重复的算法基准。我们倡导使用策划，全面套房的机器学习任务，以标准化基准的设置，执行和报告。我们通过帮助创建和利用这些基准套件的软件工具来实现这一目标。这些无缝集成到OpenML平台中，并通过Python，Java和R. OpenML基准套件（A）的接口访问，易于使用标准化的数据格式，API和客户端库; （b）附带的数据集具有广泛的元信息; （c）允许在未来的研究中共享和重复使用基准。然后，我们为分类提供了一个仔细的策划和实用的基准测试套件：OpenML策划分类基准测试套件2018（OpenML-CC18）。最后，我们讨论了使用案例和应用程序，这些案例和应用程序尤其展示了OpenML基准套件和OpenML-CC18的有用性。

While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.